JCJC Sociology Practice Test

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• Urbanization is the process of increasing urban population and its influence on culture. This process is most accurately described as:
• The region in the United States with the highest concentration of the dominant group is the ______.
• Desperate to secure untapped resources, the G7 increasingly views which region as significant to global well-being?
• Which of the following groups in the United States has the highest median family income?
• The idea of racial superiority is
• Until recently, the slogan of the Most Industrialized Nations was which of the following?
• The region formed by merging megacities with surrounding populations into a larger urban entity is called a:
• Environmental sociology studies which aspect?
• Which statement represents the basic demographic equation?
• Conflict theorists say capitalists use the _____ to expand production during economic booms, and then lay off people during economic contractions.
• _____ refers to a group whose inherited physical characteristics distinguish it from other groups.
• Suburbanization is linked to which development?
• _____ is the ability to carry out your will, even over the resistance of others.
• Which term describes the process by which individuals from different ethnic backgrounds are recognized and integrated into a society without losing their distinct identities?
• This bilineal system is the usual model in the United States.
• _____, according to Weber, is a large group of people who rank close to one another in property, power, and prestige.
• Members of the _____ tend to think of themselves as having 'real jobs' and regard the 'suits' above them as paper pushers.
• _____ is material possessions.
• Which event is given as an example of discovery?
• What mode of transportation did cars displace, according to the material?
• Which verb best describes the act of separating actions from attitudes?
• The statement 'Authority is held by males' characterizes which type of society?
• The reason that China has about 30 million fewer females than males under age 20 is:
• Which statement about computers in education today is true?
• Environmental sociology focuses on which of the following?
• A _____ is an urban area consisting of at least two metropolises and their many suburbs.
• Using the Everest-height income metaphor, the average American family’s income is about how many feet off the ground?
• During Stage One of the demographic transition, which statement best describes birth and death rates?
• Status consistency refers to
• The relocation of Native Americans to reservations is an example of ______.
• Which graph represents the age and sex of a population?
• Which term describes making a judgment about someone before knowing them, often negative?
• Due to time pressures on parents, which service has become a parental substitute?
• Each day on Earth, births minus deaths equals approximately _____ more people.
• Of the world's 10 most polluted cities, seven are located in which nation?
• Postmodern society is classified as which type of society?
• If the wealthiest 10% own 77% of the wealth, approximately what share do the other 90% own?
• In Marx's model of social class, which group is labeled as the workers?
• The triadic division of the planet since World War II places the emphasis on which European country?
• In exponential growth, the quantity doubles during approximately equal time intervals and then accelerates. This pattern is best described as:
• The reason why families headed by a mother are more likely to be poor is because
• Which term refers to a large urban area consisting of at least two metropolises and their suburbs?
• In environmental sociology, the focus is on which relationship?
• Immigrants to the United States from Poland, Ireland, Italy, and Germany are examples of ______.
• Which U.S. state has the largest number of the worst hazardous waste sites?
• Among Americans of European descent, the largest group comes from which country?
• Which word meaning 'labels' is described as creating self-fulfilling stereotypes?
• Which statement about the effect of computers on the international flow of money is supported by the material?
• _____ is a bank policy that avoids lending in certain areas.
• A dramatic shift in the perceived ideal family size in the United States occurred during which decade?
• The way people trace kinship over generations is called what?
• The region of the United States that has the most poverty is the
• Demography is the study of the size, composition, growth (or shrinkage), and distribution of human populations.
• The number of children the average woman bears is known as?
• Approximately how many cities with over one million residents does the world presently have?
• One factor to note in considering the future of marriage is that marriage exists in every society.
• Which form of marriage involves women having more than one husband?
• Which mobility description describes movement up or down that results from broad social changes?
• A typical lie on online dating site is men saying they are taller than they are.
• China is described as what kind of nation in the context of development status?
• _____ refers to prejudice and discrimination based on race.
• Going without something in the present in the hope of achieving greater gains in the future is called
• Which statement describes the experience of moving on the social ladder?
• In the United States, machismo tends to do what across generations?
• Due to time pressures on parents, which has become a parental substitute?
• Where do half of Earth's plant and animal species live?
• In sociology, Gemeinschaft describes a society characterized by which of the following?
• What is the world's largest megacity?
• Which term describes theories that assume all societies follow the same path from simple to complex?
• The case of Javier illustrates which mobility type?
• C. Wright Mills described the top leaders as the
• Environmental sociology emphasizes which concept?
• Durkheim's term for normlessness is called what?
• _____ is Marx's term for workers' lack of connection to the product of their labor.
• Urbanization is the process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities and has a growing influence on the culture. This process is best described as:
• What is the term for unfair treatment of individuals based on group membership?
• Lee started as a bank teller and 15 years later ended up running the bank. This is an example of _____ mobility.
• Upward mobility is defined as moving from a lower status to a higher status. Which option best labels this concept?
• A policy that enforces separation of racial groups in housing, education, and public spaces is best described as
• Which term best describes a society that follows industrialization, focusing on information and services?
• Suburbanization transportation changes reflect which assertion?
• The class most shaped by education is which class?
• _____ is the process in which a country's population becomes smaller because its birth rate and immigration are too low to replace those who die and emigrate.
• _____ is the practice of marrying within one's own group.
• Which factor is most closely associated with shaping the upper middle class, according to the material?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between income and health?
• From a functionalist perspective, the incest taboo serves to avoid which problem?
• Polygyny is a form of marriage in which what occurs?
• White-collar crimes are typically addressed through which mechanism?
• How much space did a car take up relative to a horse and buggy?
• Which of the following best describes upward mobility within a person's lifetime?
• Which statement about same-sex marriage is true?
• What trend has been observed in U.S. income inequality since 1970?
• Which region is associated with the highest poverty rate in the United States?
• What term describes the total value of everything a person owns minus their debts?
• Zero population growth refers to what concept?
• The upper end of the capitalist class is occupied by those who have what?
• The term for labeling that affects perception and creates prejudice is ______.
• In the Naxi of China, descent is traced only on the mother's side; there is no word for "father." In this system, what term describes the descent pattern?
• A person or group unfairly blamed for someone's troubles is a(n)
• The money that someone receives, usually from a job, business, or assets, is referred to as what?
• The social standing granted to an individual within a group is called what?
• In the United States, machismo tends to do what across generations?
• What does homogamy describe in sociological terms?
• The impact of computers on the international flow of money is best described as:
• Presently, the life expectancy for African American females is about ____ years, and for White American females it is about ____ years.
• Which form of discrimination occurs in interpersonal interactions rather than institutional settings?
• Among the listed nations, which country has the fewest births?
• The percentage of American children under 18 who live with both parents is decreasing. What is the trend?
• Descent tracing in a patrilineal system is typically described as...
• Which statement best captures the scope of environmental sociology?
• Which term refers to people from any Spanish-speaking Latin American country?
• Weber's concept describing a large group sharing similar levels of property, power, and prestige is called what?
• In cyber attacks, the U.S. military is described as being what?
• Usually negative, _____ is an attitude or prejudgment.
• What term describes a large clustering of service facilities and residential areas near highway intersections that provides a sense of place?
• When it comes to religion, the lower classes tend to be attracted to which type of worship?
• When a city has 10 million or more residents, it is a(n):
• A dramatic shift in the perceived ideal family size in the United States occurred during which decade?
• _____ is a policy of keeping racial-ethnic groups apart.
• In the demographic transition model, the stage in which birth and death rates are roughly balanced is Stage:
• The text suggests we may be entering a fifth social revolution based on which development?
• What term describes a position in the class structure that generates contradictory interests?
• In a traditional Gemeinschaft society, the divisions of labor between men and women are described as which?
• Which statement is true according to the material?
• Homeless people are part of the
• The text suggests a fifth social revolution could be grounded in advances in which area?
• _____ is the combining of existing elements and materials to form new ones.
• Seeing certain features of an object or situation, but remaining blind to others, is ______.
• Philanthropist Bill Gates has given away
• How did the automobile influence architectural design?
• Which statement about ideal family size is consistent with the material?
• In 2013, the highest-paid U.S. CEO received which amount?
• Thanks to automobiles, women were freed from the narrow confines of their homes.
• A person who has homelessness, relies on welfare, and cannot maintain regular employment would be classified as which social group?
• _____ is Wright's term for a position in the class structure that generates contradictory interests.
• Which change did automobiles bring about for women?
• In 2013, the highest-paid U.S. CEO earned approximately how much?
• _____ create self-fulfilling stereotypes.
• Zero population growth refers to what concept?
• Which statement about the ages of first-time brides and grooms in the United States is true?
• Which statement about marriage across cultures is true?
• The concern in some quarters that too many immigrants will change the character of the United States is ______.
• Demography is the study of the size, composition, growth (or shrinkage), and distribution of human populations. Which field does this describe?
• Around the time of the birth of Christ, there were about how many people in the world?
• Jim's story describes participating in
• What does the term reserve labor force describe?
• Descent tracing patrilineal system is typically described as which of the following?
• The major distinction between gay or lesbian families and heterosexual families is which factor?
• What percentage of the nation's wealth is owned by the wealthiest 10% of Americans?
• Sudden wealth from winning a lottery is most often associated with which outcome?
• Which term denotes the money from employment or assets used to generate more wealth?
• In Marx's dialectical view, which statement best describes the fate of the ruling class?
• The three demographic variables that change the size of a population are
• The predator drone is capable of striking from what altitude?
• Which pair correctly reflects the life expectancy values discussed for African American and White American females?
• Approximately what percentage of Americans who get married are not saying "I do" for the first time?
• The annihilation or attempted annihilation of a people because of their presumed race or ethnicity is known as
• According to Ezekiel's research (1995), KKK and neo-Nazi leaders believed that race ______.
• C. Wright Mills called the top people in U.S. corporations, the military, and politics who make the nation's major decisions the
• Which kinship system traces descent through both the mother's and the father's sides?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between income and wealth as discussed?
• Which term describes the group at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder that includes the homeless?
• The predator drone strikes from thousands of feet above the ground.
• Cyclical theories assume that civilizations are ____.
• _____ is respect or regard.
• What term completes the phrase: 'In _____ mobility, many people move up the social class ladder, and many move down, with the social class system showing little change'?
• _____ is an act of unfair treatment directed against an individual or a group.
• Status consistency refers to the alignment of a person's standing across which three dimensions?
• The alteration of culture and societies over time is known as what?
• The majority of Americans think that families with how many children are ideal?
• Which ecosystem contains about half of Earth's plant and animal species?
• The family formed when a couple has its first child is called which?
• The contrast between traditional and industrialized societies' material possessions is best described as:
• In a traditional society, education was described as which of the following?
• In Burgess concentric zone model, commuters live in Zone
• The term that refers to a social classification based on inherited physical traits is
• According to Marx's dialectical view, which outcome describes the fate of the ruling group?
• _____ mortgage applicants are most frequently offered subprime loans, which charge the highest interest.
• Which demographic variable refers to the movement of people into or out of a region?
• The _____ model shows the impact of radial highways on the movement of people and services away from the central city to the outskirts.
• In his modification of Marx's model of social classes, Wright added
• Which term refers to a region formed by merging megacities with nearby urban areas into a single, expansive population cluster?
• Endogamy is defined as the practice of marrying within one's own group.
• As you go up the social-class ladder, what happens to your health?
• What term prohibits sex and marriage among designated relatives?
• Which country has the fewest births per woman on average?
• Which statement about population growth rate is true?
• A _____ is a graph that represents the age and sex of a population.
• Which term describes tracing descent through the mother's line?
• Which statement about population growth rate is true?
• Which statement about the ages of first-time brides and grooms in the United States is true?
• The official measure of poverty of the U.S. government is called the poverty line.
• What term describes a large clustering of service facilities and residential areas near highway intersections that provides a sense of place?
• Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing family structure in the material?
• Technology _____ artificial means of extending human abilities.
• _____ permits—or encourages—ethnic differences.
• Historically, what urban problem did observers expect the automobile to eliminate?
• _____ mobility is movement up or down the social class ladder due more to changes in society than to the actions of individuals.
• Suburbanization was stimulated by which factor?
• Which component is added in the basic demographic equation to account for migration into or out of a population?
• A person who relies on welfare and food stamps would belong to which social group?
• What term describes negative treatment of a minority group embedded in the institutions of society?
• _____ refers to the change that family members make in social class from one generation to the next.
• Which term describes theories that claim all societies progress identically?
• Suburbanization was stimulated by the automobile’s rise. Which option is correct?
• This statement implies that industrial work led to marriages becoming:
• In traditional societies, material possessions were ____. In industrialized societies, material possessions are ____.
• Which term best describes the annihilation of a group based on race or ethnicity?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three demographic variables that change the size of a population?
• Which term describes the respect or prestige attached to a social position?
• _____ is an umbrella term for people from any of the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America.
• Which factor is associated with a lower risk of divorce?
• The gender imbalance in China's under-20 population, with fewer females, is attributed to:
• Which term describes a community located immediately outside a central city?
• Which occupation has the most prestige in the United States?
• The system in which descent is traced through the father's line is called what?
• Which of the following best describes the relationship between religious affiliation and risk of divorce?
• WASP stands for which of the following?
• In the invasion-succession model, what happens when a group enters an area whose characteristics differ from the existing group?
• One perspective on prejudice is that it is _____, in that it creates in-group solidarity.
• According to diffusion of responsibility, the fewer bystanders there are, the more likely people are to help. This principle describes which pairing?
• The belief that race defines essential characteristics of a person is an example of what concept?
• Durkheim called it _____ when people become detached from the usual norms that guide their behavior.
• In the immigration example, a professional who moves to another country and works at a much lower-skilled job demonstrates which mobility?
• Which event is given as an example of discovery?
• Cars are an example of which concept?
• Which description best captures a feature of the traditional Gemeinschaft society’s gender divisions?
• What term describes negative treatment of a minority group that is built into society's institutions?
• According to research, people in the minority ____ the norms of the dominant group and learn to be ____ their own group.
• Education in traditional societies is best described as which?
• In a _____, people occupy the same housing unit.
• Which philanthropist is noted for giving away $30 billion?
• When it comes to child rearing, lower-class parents tend to focus more on
• Symbolic interactionists focus on the role of _____ in affecting perception and creating prejudice.
• Which statement best captures the relationship between income and wealth as discussed?
• _____ is person-to-person or face-to-face discrimination.
• To _____ is to separate acts from feelings or attitudes.
• Approximately what percentage of African American households is headed by both a mother and a father?